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6612865Los ritmos circadianos son cambios físicos, mentales y conductuales que siguen un ciclo de 24 horas. Los ritmos circadianos típicos conducen a un nivel alto de energía durante la mitad del día (de 10 a.m. a 1 p.m.) y un bajón por la tarde. De noche, los ritmos circadianos hacen que la hormona melatonina aumente, lo que hace que la persona se sienta somnolienta. <Br><Br> Vea <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6611">6611</a> para la versión en inglés de esta infografía. 12/6/2023 4:07:23 PM12/6/2023 4:07:23 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified CR_TimelineSPANISH_Opt3 SPANISH_M    Medium 414 KB 2/12/2021 9:36 AM Walter, Taylor (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx226350https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{FFD1502D-963E-45D8-96C9-857661978201}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2561544Histone proteins loop together with double-stranded DNA to form a structure that resembles beads on a string. See image 2560 for an unlabeled version of this illustration. Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/ target="_blank"><i>The New Genetics</i></a>.10/23/2020 7:26:47 PM10/23/2020 7:26:47 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Histones_with_labels_S    Low 56 KB 8/26/2016 3:10 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx172320https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{3D67E801-82D8-4C50-9345-CD6E5A25A8AF}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2443198This map paints a colorful portrait of human genetic variation around the world. Researchers analyzed the DNA of 485 people and tinted the genetic types in different colors to produce one of the most detailed maps of its kind ever made. The map shows that genetic variation decreases with increasing distance from Africa, which supports the idea that humans originated in Africa, spread to the Middle East, then to Asia and Europe, and finally to the Americas. The data also offers a rich resource that scientists could use to pinpoint the genetic basis of diseases prevalent in diverse populations. Featured in the March 19, 2008, issue of <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/biobeat/08-03-19/index.html target="_blank"><em>Biomedical Beat</em></a>.8/19/2020 2:47:57 PM8/19/2020 2:47:57 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Researchers analyzed the DNA of 485 people and tinted the genetic types in different colors to produce one of the most detailed maps of its STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13540https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{65A6E7D0-EABC-412A-9154-D7109715B67E}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2551343Genes are often interrupted by stretches of DNA (introns, blue) that do not contain instructions for making a protein. The DNA segments that do contain protein-making instructions are known as exons (green). Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/ target="_blank"><i>The New Genetics</i></a>.3/4/2022 7:42:54 PM3/4/2022 7:42:54 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Introns_with_labels_S    Low 49 KB 8/25/2016 5:48 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14540https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{2B860C09-0CE0-4F56-91E7-DF5B44EB2A6D}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3730758The image visualizes a part of the yeast molecular interaction network. The lines in the network represent connections among genes (shown as little dots) and different-colored networks indicate subnetworks, for instance, those in specific locations or pathways in the cell. Researchers use gene or protein expression data to build these networks; the network shown here was visualized with a program called <a href="http://cytoscape.org/">Cytoscape</a>. By following changes in the architectures of these networks in response to altered environmental conditions, scientists can home in on those genes that become central "hubs" (highly connected genes), for example, when a cell encounters stress. They can then further investigate the precise role of these genes to uncover how a cell's molecular machinery deals with stress or other factors. Related to images <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=3732">3732</a> and <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=3733">3733</a>.12/17/2020 4:31:12 PM12/17/2020 4:31:12 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified structure-aware-layout_T    Thumbnail 22 KB 6/3/2016 3:40 PM aamishral2 (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13350https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{B968CB61-8A47-4104-B475-7624CA1C1DE0}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3590800Developing spermatids (precursors of mature sperm cells) begin as small, round cells and mature into long-tailed, tadpole-shaped ones. In the sperm cell's head is the cell nucleus; in its tail is the power to outswim thousands of competitors to fertilize an egg. As seen in this microscopy image, fruit fly spermatids start out as bouquets of interconnected cells. A small lipid molecule called PIP2 helps spermatids tell their heads from their tails. Here, PIP2 (red) marks the nuclei and a cell skeleton-building protein called tubulin (green) marks the tails. When PIP2 levels are too low, some spermatids get mixed up and grow with their heads at the wrong end. Because sperm development is similar across species, studies in fruit flies could help researchers understand male infertility in humans.8/23/2023 2:01:13 PM8/23/2023 2:01:13 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Fabian_et_al-cover_pic_1-RGB2    Other 10234 KB 10/19/2020 1:52 AM Harris, Donald (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14240https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{1E653F9B-A3DB-4BB0-AC1F-1A9089E37998}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
5764831This illustration shows pathogenic bacteria behave like a Trojan horse: switching from antibiotic susceptibility to resistance during infection. Salmonella are vulnerable to antibiotics while circulating in the blood (depicted by fire on red blood cell) but are highly resistant when residing within host macrophages. This leads to treatment failure with the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.<Br><Br> This image was chosen as a winner of the 2016 NIH-funded research image call, and the research was funded in part by NIGMS.12/18/2020 5:59:09 PM12/18/2020 5:59:09 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified 26831610894_f3d948c0d7_o_M    Medium 208 KB 7/21/2016 2:16 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14340https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{B1628989-49A2-4E4E-9A41-17D6459B80DF}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
6806969The two large, central, round shapes are ovaries from a typical fruit fly (<em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>). The small butterfly-like structures surrounding them are fruit fly ovaries where researchers suppressed the expression of a gene that controls microtubule polymerization and is necessary for normal development. This image was captured using a confocal laser scanning microscope. <Br><Br> Related to image <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6807">6807</a>. 1/21/2022 3:55:03 PM1/21/2022 3:55:03 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Wild-type and mutant fruit fly ovaries_M    Medium 119 KB 2/11/2022 1:44 PM Dolan, Lauren (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx16440https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{1CE96574-AF64-43B2-8987-EDADC4899FE7}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2758496This photograph shows a magnified view of a <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> pupa in cross section. Compare this normal pupa to one that lacks an important receptor, shown in image 2759.8/21/2020 7:26:54 PM8/21/2020 7:26:54 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Control_S    Low 16 KB 9/14/2016 11:26 AM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13960https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{790A2C6F-2A21-48D4-8215-1A3D8B97D2B6}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2513209HIV is a retrovirus, a type of virus that carries its genetic material not as DNA but as RNA. Long before anyone had heard of HIV, researchers in labs all over the world studied retroviruses, tracing out their life cycle and identifying the key proteins the viruses use to infect cells. When HIV was identified as a retrovirus, these studies gave AIDS researchers an immediate jump-start. The previously identified viral proteins became initial drug targets. See images <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=2514">2514</a> and <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=2515">2515</a> for labeled versions of this illustration. Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/structlife/ target="_blank"><i>The Structures of Life</i></a>.9/25/2020 4:26:31 PM9/25/2020 4:26:31 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified 2513thumb    Thumbnail 44 KB 6/3/2016 3:12 PM aamishral2 (NIH/NIGMS) [C HIV is a retrovirus, a type of virus STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13060https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{C07EF89B-BA3A-4BD2-979B-95B3B2A80BF9}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
6532941In the worm <i>C. elegans</i>, double-stranded RNA made in neurons can silence matching genes in a variety of cell types through the transport of RNA between cells. The head region of three worms that were genetically modified to express a fluorescent protein were imaged and the images were color-coded based on depth. The worm on the left lacks neuronal double-stranded RNA and thus every cell is fluorescent. In the middle worm, the expression of the fluorescent protein is silenced by neuronal double-stranded RNA and thus most cells are not fluorescent. The worm on the right lacks an enzyme that amplifies RNA for silencing. Surprisingly, the identities of the cells that depend on this enzyme for gene silencing are unpredictable. As a result, worms of identical genotype are nevertheless random mosaics for how the function of gene silencing is carried out. For more, see <a href="https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/47/19/10059/5563947">journal article</a> and <a href="https://umdrightnow.umd.edu/news/umd-scientists-discover-hidden-differences-may-help-cells-evade-drug-therapy">press release.</a> Related to image <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6534">6534</a>.12/21/2020 7:45:16 PM12/21/2020 7:45:16 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified The_Three_Pharingos_4_flipped_Thumbnail    Thumbnail 94 KB 12/17/2019 2:28 PM Harris, Donald (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14760https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{818BAE61-BA6A-412E-9A1A-F5BEE4D08EA6}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3670620DNA (blue) and actin (red) in cultured fibroblast cells.12/1/2020 6:03:48 PM12/1/2020 6:03:48 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Slide42_M    High 76 KB 12/1/2020 1:03 PM Walter, Taylor (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx12350https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{510C3957-9EED-48BB-BD5F-C46241DA60BC}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2544407During DNA replication, each strand of the original molecule acts as a template for the synthesis of a new, complementary DNA strand. Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/ target="_blank"><i>The New Genetics</i></a>.3/4/2022 7:48:03 PM3/4/2022 7:48:03 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified DNA_Replication_with_labels_S    Low 91 KB 7/28/2016 4:14 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx18370https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{78EF997D-F0BC-4181-8051-F46D8EE2F0BF}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3306444Planarians are freshwater flatworms that have powerful abilities to regenerate their bodies, which would seem to make them natural model organisms in which to study stem cells. But until recently, scientists had not been able to efficiently find the genes that regulate the planarian stem cell system. In this image, a single stem cell has given rise to a colony of stem cells in a planarian. Proliferating cells are red, and differentiating cells are blue. Quantitatively measuring the size and ratios of these two cell types provides a powerful framework for studying the roles of stem cell regulatory genes in planarians. From a Whitehead Institute <a href=http://www.wi.mit.edu/news/archives/2012/pr_0301.html target="_blank">news release</a>, "Planarian genes that control stem cell biology identified."3/3/2022 8:03:39 PM3/3/2022 8:03:39 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified planarian-stem-cell-colongy1_S    Low 100 KB 9/7/2016 3:00 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx188100https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{D660FB5B-61A0-4FB4-BCC3-1AD111CDF4FA}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3442588These images show three stages of cell division in Xenopus XL177 cells, which are derived from tadpole epithelial cells. They are (from top): metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The microtubules are green and the chromosomes are blue. Related to <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=3443">image 3443</a>.8/22/2020 5:25:02 PM8/22/2020 5:25:02 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified mitotic1_M    Medium 94 KB 6/3/2016 3:29 PM aamishral2 (NIH/NIGMS) [C These images show three stages of cell division in Xenopus XL177 cells, which are derived from tadpole STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13470https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{385F83B3-C956-487B-9A75-4C353F0A940E}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2560543Histone proteins loop together with double-stranded DNA to form a structure that resembles beads on a string. See image 2561 for a labeled version of this illustration. Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/ target="_blank"><i>The New Genetics</i></a>.10/23/2020 7:26:17 PM10/23/2020 7:26:17 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Histones_S    Low 54 KB 8/26/2016 3:14 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx15180https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{4129A352-BCAF-467E-A2CB-ECE14F38F669}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3253504By attaching fluorescent proteins to the genetic circuit responsible for <i>B. subtilis's</i> stress response, researchers can observe the cells' pulses as green flashes. In response to a stressful environment like one lacking food, <i>B. subtilis</i> activates a large set of genes that help it respond to the hardship. Instead of leaving those genes on as previously thought, researchers discovered that the bacteria flip the genes on and off, increasing the frequency of these pulses with increasing stress. From a November 2011 Caltech <a href=http://media.caltech.edu/press_releases/13470 target="_blank">news release</a>. See entry 3254 for the related video.12/22/2020 4:51:02 PM12/22/2020 4:51:02 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified MarcusImage2_S    Low 8 KB 9/8/2016 3:50 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C From a November 2011 Caltech <a STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx22680https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{089CF209-3684-40DE-B4E9-CD5F859481D8}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3445591This image of a mammalian epithelial cell, captured in metaphase, was the winning image in the high- and super-resolution microscopy category of the 2012 GE Healthcare Life Sciences Cell Imaging Competition. The image shows microtubules (red), kinetochores (green) and DNA (blue). The DNA is fixed in the process of being moved along the microtubules that form the structure of the spindle. The image was taken using the DeltaVision OMX imaging system, affectionately known as the "OMG" microscope, and was displayed on the NBC screen in New York's Times Square during the weekend of April 20-21, 2013. More information about the image is in a <em><a href="http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/23885.html">news release</a></em> from Indiana University and a NIH Director's <em><a href="http://directorsblog.nih.gov/omg-microscope-lives-up-to-its-name/">blog post</a></em>. This image is part of the Life: Magnified collection, which was displayed in the Gateway Gallery at Washington Dulles International Airport June 3, 2014, to January 21, 2015. To see all 46 images in this exhibit, go to https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/life-magnified/Pages/default.aspx.11/22/2022 7:47:14 PM11/22/2022 7:47:14 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified 20120731_29_004_JSTOUT_S    Low 13 KB 8/30/2016 12:43 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13160https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{05E778D9-EC50-4DE0-B522-B3B83DC89C36}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2542405DNA consists of two long, twisted chains made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains one base, one phosphate molecule, and the sugar molecule deoxyribose. The bases in DNA nucleotides are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/ target="_blank"><i>The New Genetics</i></a>.3/4/2022 7:49:23 PM3/4/2022 7:49:23 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Nucleotides_with_labels_S    Low 69 KB 8/24/2016 5:05 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx297120https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{D1C5A0E0-9E8D-476E-BB68-F21AA185C7FA}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2567478Haplotypes are combinations of gene variants that are likely to be inherited together within the same chromosomal region. In this example, an original haplotype (top) evolved over time to create three newer haplotypes that each differ by a few nucleotides (red). See image 2566 for an unlabeled version of this illustration. Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/ target="_blank"><i>The New Genetics</i></a>.10/30/2020 3:59:20 PM10/30/2020 3:59:20 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Haplotypes_with_labels_S    Low 50 KB 8/26/2016 3:16 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13270https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{6FD26CAE-A6A9-4CBE-B042-37774D1D49AE}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
7036460442This illustration shows, in simplified terms, how the CRISPR-Cas9 system can be used as a gene-editing tool. <Br><Br>Frame 1 shows the two components of the CRISPR system: a strong cutting device (an enzyme called Cas9 that can cut through a double strand of DNA), and a finely tuned targeting device (a small strand of RNA programmed to look for a specific DNA sequence). <Br><Br>In frame 2, the CRISPR machine locates the target DNA sequence once inserted into a cell. <Br><Br>In frame 3, the Cas9 enzyme cuts both strands of the DNA. <Br><Br>Frame 4 shows a repaired DNA strand with new genetic material that researchers can introduce, which the cell automatically incorporates into the gap when it repairs the broken DNA. <Br><Br>For an explanation and overview of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, see the <a href=" http://www.ibiology.org/ibiomagazine/jennifer-doudna-genome-engineering-with-crispr-cas9-birth-of-a-breakthrough-technology.html">iBiology video</a>. <Br><Br>Download the individual frames: <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6465">Frame 1</a>, <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6486">Frame 2</a>, <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6487">Frame 3</a>, and <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6488">Frame 4</a>. 8/12/2024 5:01:59 PM8/12/2024 5:01:59 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified CRISPR Illustrations_4square_M    Medium 41 KB 8/12/2024 11:35 AM Crowley, Rachel (NIH/NIGMS) [E STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx4550https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{E3D6EE3A-9711-4EF5-A6D4-62CC3CF3470B}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3732759The image visualizes a part of the yeast molecular interaction network. The lines in the network represent connections among genes (shown as little dots) and different-colored networks indicate subnetworks, for instance, those in specific locations or pathways in the cell. Researchers use gene or protein expression data to build these networks; the network shown here was visualized with a program called <a href="http://cytoscape.org/">Cytoscape</a>. By following changes in the architectures of these networks in response to altered environmental conditions, scientists can home in on those genes that become central "hubs" (highly connected genes), for example, when a cell encounters stress. They can then further investigate the precise role of these genes to uncover how a cell's molecular machinery deals with stress or other factors. Related to images <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=3730">3730</a> and <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=3733">3733</a>.12/17/2020 4:33:33 PM12/17/2020 4:33:33 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified community17_L    Low 531 KB 6/3/2016 3:40 PM aamishral2 (NIH/NIGMS) [C They can then further investigate the STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx12860https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{DF3B0E87-FCA0-4C7C-B290-A3CE0AF27370}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3743697Flower development is a carefully orchestrated, genetically programmed process that ensures that the male (stamen) and female (pistil) organs form in the right place and at the right time in the flower. In this image of young Arabidopsis flower buds, the gene SUPERMAN (red) is activated at the boundary between the cells destined to form the male and female parts. SUPERMAN activity prevents the central cells, which will ultimately become the female pistil, from activating the gene APETALA3 (green), which induces formation of male flower organs. The goal of this research is to find out how plants maintain cells (called stem cells) that have the potential to develop into any type of cell and how genetic and environmental factors cause stem cells to develop and specialize into different cell types. This work informs future studies in agriculture, medicine and other fields.12/17/2020 5:36:24 PM12/17/2020 5:36:24 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified BioArt_2015_Prunet3_L    Low 23 KB 6/3/2016 3:40 PM aamishral2 (NIH/NIGMS) [C The image was taken by Dr STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13370https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{3CD2ADF5-9910-4D9D-8F2A-529DDAB12C83}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
6611864Circadian rhythms are physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle. Typical circadian rhythms lead to high energy during the middle of the day (10 a.m. to 1 p.m.) and an afternoon slump. At night, circadian rhythms cause the hormone melatonin to rise, making a person sleepy. <Br><Br> Learn more in NIGMS’ circadian rhythms <a href="https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/circadian-rhythms.aspx">featured topics page</a>. <Br><Br>See <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6612">6612</a> for the Spanish version of this infographic. 1/5/2024 4:54:05 PM1/5/2024 4:54:05 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified CR_TeenTimeline_Opt3B_M    Medium 343 KB 2/12/2021 9:29 AM Walter, Taylor (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx18570https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{824D535B-F568-41B6-99E0-0EFFC580F9A2}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3493598Like a watch wrapped around a wrist, a special enzyme encircles the double helix to repair a broken strand of DNA. Without molecules that can mend such breaks, cells can malfunction, die, or become cancerous. Related to image <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/Pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageID=131">2330</a>. 9/9/2020 2:16:07 AM9/9/2020 2:16:07 AMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified GDB--DNA_unwinding_recolored    Other 11273 KB 9/26/2020 10:40 PM Harris, Donald (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx15360https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{F2218257-80D3-4C95-A593-3F1D0092301B}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3733760The image visualizes a part of the yeast molecular interaction network. The lines in the network represent connections among genes (shown as little dots) and different-colored networks indicate subnetworks, for instance, those in specific locations or pathways in the cell. Researchers use gene or protein expression data to build these networks; the network shown here was visualized with a program called <a href="http://cytoscape.org/">Cytoscape</a>. By following changes in the architectures of these networks in response to altered environmental conditions, scientists can home in on those genes that become central "hubs" (highly connected genes), for example, when a cell encounters stress. They can then further investigate the precise role of these genes to uncover how a cell's molecular machinery deals with stress or other factors. Related to images <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=3730">3730</a> and <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=3732">3732</a>.12/17/2020 4:34:35 PM12/17/2020 4:34:35 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified cytoscape23_L    Low 609 KB 6/3/2016 3:40 PM aamishral2 (NIH/NIGMS) [C They can then further investigate the STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx162110https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{80B3929B-B41A-4C70-B3C1-19365D9D2E94}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3765827Trypanosoma brucei is a single-cell parasite that causes sleeping sickness in humans. Scientists have been studying trypanosomes for some time because of their negative effects on human and also animal health, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, because these organisms evolved on a separate path from those of animals and plants more than a billion years ago, researchers study trypanosomes to find out what traits they may harbor that are common to or different from those of other eukaryotes (i.e., those organisms having a nucleus and mitochondria). This image shows the T. brucei cell membrane in red, the DNA in the nucleus and kinetoplast (a structure unique to protozoans, including trypanosomes, which contains mitochondrial DNA) in blue and nuclear pore complexes (which allow molecules to pass into or out of the nucleus) in green. Scientists have found that the trypanosome nuclear pore complex has a unique mechanism by which it attaches to the nuclear envelope. In addition, the trypanosome nuclear pore complex differs from those of other eukaryotes because its components have a near-complete symmetry, and it lacks almost all of the proteins that in other eukaryotes studied so far are required to assemble the pore. To learn more why researchers study the nuclear pore complex in trypanosomes, see this <a href="http://newswire.rockefeller.edu/2016/03/17/parasites-reveal-how-evolution-has-molded-an-ancient-nuclear-structure/">press release by Rockefeller University</a>.12/17/2020 6:35:35 PM12/17/2020 6:35:35 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Tryps_NPC4_M    Medium 16 KB 12/17/2020 1:36 PM Walter, Taylor (NIH/NIGMS) [C This image shows the T. brucei STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx12440https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{4B64FB03-DDD1-4D8B-AADD-14F5B151DFD8}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2555347Ribonucleic acid (RNA) has a sugar-phosphate backbone and the bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/ target="_blank"><i>The New Genetics</i></a>.3/4/2022 7:37:07 PM3/4/2022 7:37:07 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified 2555_RNA_with_T    Thumbnail 110 KB 3/29/2019 11:20 AM Constantinides, Stephen (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14850https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{A42C6CC8-6E99-4F4F-A1B1-D72DEB4B23E1}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
70011031The human genome contains much of the information needed for every cell in the body to function. However, different types of cells often need different types of information. Access to DNA is controlled, in part, by how tightly it’s wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes. The complex shown here, from yeast cells (PDB entry <a href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6Z6P">6Z6P</a>), includes several histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes (green and blue) bound to a nucleosome (histone proteins in red; DNA in yellow). The yeast HDAC enzymes are similar to the human enzymes. Two enzymes form a V-shaped clamp (green) that holds the other others, a dimer of the Hda1 enzymes (blue). In this assembly, Hda1 is activated and positioned to remove acetyl groups from histone tails. 2/12/2024 8:39:24 PM2/12/2024 8:39:24 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified HDAC_M    Medium 176 KB 2/2/2024 4:05 PM Crowley, Rachel (NIH/NIGMS) [E The yeast HDAC enzymes are similar to STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx15290https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{E696D36C-F66F-472A-8D7D-ABD17E676DE0}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3604744Along with blood vessels (red) and nerve cells (green), this mouse brain shows abnormal protein clumps known as plaques (blue). These plaques multiply in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease and are associated with the memory impairment characteristic of the disease. Because mice have genomes nearly identical to our own, they are used to study both the genetic and environmental factors that trigger Alzheimer's disease. Experimental treatments are also tested in mice to identify the best potential therapies for human patients. This image is part of the Life: Magnified collection, which was displayed in the Gateway Gallery at Washington Dulles International Airport June 3, 2014, to January 21, 2015. To see all 46 images in this exhibit, go to https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/life-magnified/Pages/default.aspx.11/22/2022 7:23:52 PM11/22/2022 7:23:52 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified 10_alzheimerbrain_s_T    Thumbnail 5 KB 6/3/2016 3:33 PM aamishral2 (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx17440https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{5E098B48-2D3B-477A-82C0-1A20292EAF17}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2566477Haplotypes are combinations of gene variants that are likely to be inherited together within the same chromosomal region. In this example, an original haplotype (top) evolved over time to create three newer haplotypes that each differ by a few nucleotides (red). See image 2567 for a labeled version of this illustration. Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/ target="_blank"><i>The New Genetics</i></a>.10/30/2020 3:58:54 PM10/30/2020 3:58:54 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Haplotypes_S    Low 41 KB 8/26/2016 3:18 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13440https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{57CF13EE-EF59-48F7-B0D1-B2EA7353CB87}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3443589These images show frog cells in interphase. The cells are Xenopus XL177 cells, which are derived from tadpole epithelial cells. The microtubules are green and the chromosomes are blue. Related to <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=3442">image 3442</a>.8/22/2020 5:30:27 PM8/22/2020 5:30:27 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified interphs    High 1903 KB 6/3/2016 3:29 PM aamishral2 (NIH/NIGMS) [C The microtubules are green and the STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14750https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{5CE69473-3A28-4887-B8C1-AA71A16B23A9}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3631809This pig cell is in the process of dividing. The chromosomes (purple) have already replicated and the duplicates are being pulled apart by fibers of the cell skeleton known as microtubules (green). Studies of cell division yield knowledge that is critical to advancing understanding of many human diseases, including cancer and birth defects. This image is part of the Life: Magnified collection, which was displayed in the Gateway Gallery at Washington Dulles International Airport June 3, 2014, to January 21, 2015. To see all 46 images in this exhibit, go to https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/life-magnified/Pages/default.aspx.11/22/2022 9:04:26 PM11/22/2022 9:04:26 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified 5_topright_Cells_Dividing_M    Medium 280 KB 11/23/2020 4:20 PM Walter, Taylor (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx12740https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{3A073DA6-DE49-471A-8C0A-06C39439A720}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
67551007Insect brains, like the honeybee brain shown here, are very different in shape from human brains. Despite that, bee and human brains have a lot in common, including many of the genes and neurochemicals they rely on in order to function. The bright-green spots in this image indicate the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase, an enzyme that allows the brain to produce dopamine. Dopamine is involved in many important functions, such as the ability to experience pleasure. This image was captured using confocal microscopy.9/23/2021 3:05:46 PM9/23/2021 3:05:46 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified IGB Bee Brain Robinson Lab_M    Medium 545 KB 4/6/2021 12:27 PM Walter, Taylor (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx16440https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{A4B72739-220C-4865-ADD4-F79CA8848067}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2475138This microscopic image shows a chromatin fiber--a DNA molecule bound to naturally occurring proteins.8/21/2020 9:18:27 PM8/21/2020 9:18:27 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified fiberinset_M    Medium 37 KB 6/3/2016 3:11 PM aamishral2 (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13260https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{7EACD560-633F-4985-82BC-9B2BA13A154E}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3689813A computer-generated sketch of a DNA origami folded into a flower-and-bird structure. Image is featured on Biomedical Beat blog post <a href="http://biobeat.nigms.nih.gov/2015/10/cool-image-dna-origami" target=_blank>Cool Image: DNA Origami</a>. See also related <a href="http://images.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=3690" target=_blank>image 3690</a> .12/2/2020 7:28:25 PM12/2/2020 7:28:25 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified DNA_origami_sketch_Dr._Hao_Yan    High 148 KB 8/30/2016 12:15 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14060https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{D7940990-A7A0-4D3F-ABCB-52B5C2BC08C9}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
6614867Los ritmos circadianos son cambios físicos, mentales y de comportamiento que siguen un ciclo de 24 horas. Los ritmos circadianos se ven influenciados por la luz y están regulados por el núcleo supraquiasmático del cerebro, a veces denominado el reloj principal. <Br><Br> Vea <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6613">6613</a> para la versión en inglés de esta infografía. 12/6/2023 4:12:13 PM12/6/2023 4:12:13 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified CR_Brain_Spanish_M    Medium 27 KB 2/12/2021 9:45 AM Walter, Taylor (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx15560https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{18FEB071-FF12-43AF-81D3-880E37E4767C}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
1021279A light microscope image of a cell from the endosperm of an African globe lily (<i>Scadoxus katherinae</i>). This is one frame of a time-lapse sequence that shows cell division in action. The lily is considered a good organism for studying cell division because its chromosomes are much thicker and easier to see than human ones. Staining shows microtubules in red and chromosomes in blue. Here, condensed chromosomes are clearly visible and lined up.5/9/2022 1:48:39 PM5/9/2022 1:48:39 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified lilymit8_S    Low 12 KB 9/8/2016 2:40 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C A light microscope image of a cell from the endosperm of an African STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13160https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{043568AC-3AD1-48FD-97C9-60AB01D5A133}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2515140HIV is a retrovirus, a type of virus that carries its genetic material not as DNA but as RNA. Long before anyone had heard of HIV, researchers in labs all over the world studied retroviruses, tracing out their life cycle and identifying the key proteins the viruses use to infect cells. When HIV was identified as a retrovirus, these studies gave AIDS researchers an immediate jump-start. The previously identified viral proteins became initial drug targets. See images <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=2513">2513</a> and <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=2514">2514</a> for other versions of this illustration. Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/structlife/ target="_blank"><i>The Structures of Life</i></a>.9/25/2020 4:31:12 PM9/25/2020 4:31:12 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified 2515_Life_of_an_AIDS_Virus_with_labels_and_stages_T    Thumbnail 128 KB 4/19/2019 12:30 PM Constantinides STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx12750https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{E2EE0E54-49B2-4B79-BBC9-C7F4E1589956}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3492597This tropical scene, reminiscent of a postcard from Key West, is actually a petri dish containing an artistic arrangement of genetically engineered bacteria. The image showcases eight of the fluorescent proteins created in the laboratory of the late Roger Y. Tsien, a cell biologist at the University of California, San Diego. Tsien, along with Osamu Shimomura of the Marine Biology Laboratory and Martin Chalfie of Columbia University, share the 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work on green fluorescent protein-a naturally glowing molecule from jellyfish that has become a powerful tool for studying molecules inside living cells.9/9/2020 1:51:26 AM9/9/2020 1:51:26 AMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified cool_image_colored_proteins1_M    Medium 103 KB 8/30/2016 12:30 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14780https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{82113CDA-7154-491B-8100-C43A4925AAC1}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
6983884Fat tissue from the abdomen of a genetically mosaic adult fruit fly. Genetic mosaicism means that the fly has cells with different genotypes even though it formed from a single zygote. This specific mosaicism results in accumulation of a critical fly adipokine (blue-green) within the fat tissue cells that have reduced expression a key nutrient sensing gene (in left panel). The dotted line shows the cells lacking the gene that is present and functioning in the rest of the cells. Nuclei are labelled in magenta. This image was captured using a confocal microscope and shows a maximum intensity projection of many slices. <Br><Br>Related to images <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6982">6982</a>, <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6984">6984</a>, and <a href="https://images.nigms.nih.gov/pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageid2=6985">6985</a>. 12/19/2023 7:15:52 PM12/19/2023 7:15:52 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified This image was captured using a confocal microscope and shows a maximum intensity projection of many slices STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx220120https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{3AA16265-C3FB-43F6-92DA-0F6B21B387B3}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2484331NIGMS-funded researchers led by Roger Kornberg solved the structure of RNA polymerase II. This is the enzyme in mammalian cells that catalyzes the transcription of DNA into messenger RNA, the molecule that in turn dictates the order of amino acids in proteins. For his work on the mechanisms of mammalian transcription, Kornberg received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2006.9/18/2020 5:05:13 PM9/18/2020 5:05:13 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified RNA_pol_II_medium    Medium 1184 KB 6/3/2016 3:12 PM aamishral2 (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14050https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{2A10BFFD-1037-418C-890C-8D7FB32E4ED7}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
3766828Gene transcription is a process by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is transcribed into RNA. It's essential for all life and requires the activity of proteins, called transcription factors, that detect where in a DNA strand transcription should start. In eukaryotes (i.e., those that have a nucleus and mitochondria), a protein complex comprising 14 different proteins is responsible for sniffing out transcription start sites and starting the process. This complex, called TFIID, represents the core machinery to which an enzyme, named RNA polymerase, can bind to and read the DNA and transcribe it to RNA. Scientists have used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to visualize the TFIID-RNA polymerase-DNA complex in unprecedented detail. In this illustration, TFIID (blue) contacts the DNA and recruits the RNA polymerase (gray) for gene transcription. The start of the transcribed gene is shown with a flash of light. To learn more about the research that has shed new light on gene transcription, see this <a href="http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/03/23/unlocking-the-secrets-of-gene-expression/">news release from Berkeley Lab</a>. Related to <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/Pages/DetailPage.aspx?imageID=2981"> video 5730</a>.2/4/2020 3:27:07 PM2/4/2020 3:27:07 PMGene transcription is a process by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is transcribed into RNA It's essential for all life and requires the activity of proteins, called transcription STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx15270https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{DBBF8C72-E3E6-4876-9D6F-C55EC7FF7758}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2509205Nucleotides in DNA are copied into RNA, where they are read three at a time to encode the amino acids in a protein. Many parts of a protein fold as the amino acids are strung together. See image 2510 for a labeled version of this illustration. Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/structlife/ target="_blank"><i>The Structures of Life</i></a>.1/27/2022 3:39:21 PM1/27/2022 3:39:21 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified The_Genetic_Code_M    Medium 70 KB 7/27/2016 11:34 AM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14540https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{3705D241-4A22-4929-ADC4-2EBEA5C0FFA6}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2540403The long, stringy DNA that makes up genes is spooled within chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell. (Note that a gene would actually be a much longer stretch of DNA than what is shown here.) Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/ target="_blank"><i>The New Genetics</i></a>.3/4/2022 7:51:04 PM3/4/2022 7:51:04 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified Chromosome_inside_Nucleus_with_labels_S    Low 55 KB 9/7/2016 12:00 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14640https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{7D7E82F3-ECFE-436C-A8DD-0FC599388E63}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2683483Fruit fly sperm cells glow bright green when they express the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP).11/6/2020 9:13:03 PM11/6/2020 9:13:03 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified GFP_sperm_S    Low 35 KB 9/7/2016 2:45 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx12040https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{E876C40F-9568-4740-8322-68831D3B5608}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2626549The 46 human chromosomes are shown in blue, with the telomeres appearing as white pinpoints. The DNA has already been copied, so each chromosome is actually made up of two identical lengths of DNA, each with its own two telomeres.11/6/2020 8:58:08 PM11/6/2020 8:58:08 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified telomere_FISH_M    Medium 31 KB 11/6/2020 4:02 PM Walter, Taylor (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx12550https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{3A7A4467-E921-43F0-B27B-B8317169EF43}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2559542RNA interference or RNAi is a gene-silencing process in which double-stranded RNAs trigger the destruction of specific RNAs. See <a href="https://imagesadminprod.nigms.nih.gov/index.cfm?event=viewDetail&imageID=2558">image 2558</a> for an unlabeled version of this illustration. Featured in <a href=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/ target="_blank"><i>The New Genetics</i></a>.10/23/2020 7:25:09 PM10/23/2020 7:25:09 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified 2559_RNA__Interference_with_labels_T    Thumbnail 59 KB 4/19/2019 12:31 PM Constantinides, Stephen (NIH STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx14550https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{6E76594A-016A-454D-8CEB-1D7436AAF019}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2417131This fruit fly expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the same pattern as the period gene, a gene that regulates circadian rhythm and is expressed in all sensory neurons on the surface of the fly.8/6/2020 7:51:34 PM8/6/2020 7:51:34 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified FlybyNight1_S    Low 11 KB 9/7/2016 5:33 PM Varkala, Venkat (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13840https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{03C5A6E6-05E4-4B1A-884E-53940CDDCD3D}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131
2690486Scientists in Scotland were the first to clone an animal, this sheep named Dolly. She later gave birth to Bonnie, the lamb next to her.11/6/2020 9:18:25 PM11/6/2020 9:18:25 PMType    Name    Media Type    File Size    Modified 2690_Dolly_the_S    Low 121 KB 3/29/2019 11:01 AM Constantinides, Stephen (NIH/NIGMS) [C STS_ListItem_DocumentLibraryhttps://images.nigms.nih.gov/PublicAssets/Forms/AllItems.aspx13640https://images.nigms.nih.govhtmlTruehttps://imagesadmin.nigms.nih.gov{7CB0B9E1-9479-48FA-A5E6-754A9DF7047A}Sharepoint.DocumentSet~sitecollection/_catalogs/masterpage/Display Templates/Search/Item_PublicAsset.js3131